Why is mapping important for analysing geo-hydrological investigations? UPSC

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Geohydrology is the study of groundwater it is sometimes referred to as Hydrogeology or groundwater hydrology. Hydrogeology deals with how water gets into the ground (recharge), how it flows in the subsurface (through aquifers), and how groundwater interacts with the surrounding soil and rock (the geology).

  • Hydrogeologists are involved in attempting to solve some of the big questions facing the world today, including sustainable water supply, food, and energy production; environmental protection; and coping with climate change.

Mapping is important for analyzing geo-hydrological investigation as it will help in various aspects such as:

  • Design and construct water wells for drinking water supply, irrigation schemes, and other purposes;
  • Try to discover how much water is available to sustain water supplies so that these do not adversely affect the environment — for example, by depleting natural base flows to rivers and important wetlands ecosystems;
  • Investigate the quality of the water to ensure that it is fit for its intended use. For example, Lower Ganga’s underground water is contaminated with arsenic due to over-exploitation.
  • Where the groundwater is polluted, the design schemes to try and clean up this pollution;
  • Design construction dewatering schemes and deal with groundwater problems associated with mining;
  • Help to harness geothermal energy through groundwater-based heat pumps.

That’s why mapping is important and this can help to end or curb future water crises on the earth.

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