Highlight the underlying geographical factors that influence the distribution of India’s population (APSC)

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India is a large country with a diverse geography and climate, which has a significant impact on the distribution of its population. The following are some of the main geographical factors that influence the population distribution in India:

  1. Physical geography: The physical geography of India, including its mountains, plateaus, and plains, affects the population density and settlement patterns. The Himalayan mountain range in the north, for example, is sparsely populated due to its harsh climate and rugged terrain. On the other hand, the fertile plains of the Ganges and Indus river valleys in northern India have a high population density due to their favorable agricultural conditions.
  2. Climate: India’s climate is diverse, ranging from tropical in the south to alpine in the north. Areas with a tropical or subtropical climate, such as the eastern and western coastal regions, have a higher population density compared to areas with a colder climate, such as the Himalayas.
  3. Natural resources: Areas with abundant natural resources, such as fertile land, minerals, and water, tend to have a higher population density. For example, the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, which are known for their fertile agricultural land, have a high population density.
  4. Transportation and communication: The availability of transportation and communication facilities also affects population distribution. Urban areas with good transport links, such as roads, railways, and airports, tend to have a higher population density compared to rural areas with limited transport options.
  5. Political and administrative factors: The Indian government’s policies and administrative divisions also play a role in population distribution. For example, the government’s policy of promoting industrial development has led to the growth of cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata. The administrative division of the country into states and districts also affects population distribution, with some states and districts having a higher population density due to their favorable location and resources.

In conclusion

India’s diverse geography and climate, as well as its natural resources, transportation and communication facilities, and political and administrative policies, have a significant impact on the distribution of its population. These factors continue to shape the population distribution in India and will continue to do so in the future.

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